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Introduction:
This article provides an overview of fundamental Linux filesystem concepts without delving into specific file system types like EXT4. It aims to clarify the purpose of storing data on hard drives and introduces the basic principles of Linux filesystems.
Why Data Storage on Drives is Essential:
Computers need to store data on hard drives due to the volatility of RAM and the relatively higher cost of RAM compared to disk space. While RAM loses its contents when a computer is turned off, hard drives maintain stored data even when powered down. The article elaborates on the historical perspective of memory costs and the necessity of reliable data storage.
Defining ‘Filesystem’:
The term “filesystem” has different interpretations, including reference to the entire Linux directory structure, specific data storage formats, and formatted partitions or logical volumes. This section aims to clarify the multiple contexts in which the term is used.
Key Functions of Filesystems:
Beyond storing data, filesystems provide naming conventions, metadata structures, an API for system functions, security models, and necessary software to support these functions. The article emphasizes the importance of these components in managing and accessing data efficiently.
Linux’s Two-Part Filesystem Software Implementation:
The article explains the structure of Linux filesystem software, consisting of the virtual filesystem and filesystem-specific device drivers. This approach aims to enhance system and programmer efficiency.
Understanding Directory Structures in Linux:
It explores the organized hierarchical structure of directories, commonly known as folders, and provides a detailed explanation of the key top-level Linux directories and their purposes.
Unified Directory Structure in Linux:
The article highlights the unification of physical hard drives and partitions into a single directory structure in Linux. It explains the benefits of segregating different parts of the filesystem for upgrades, preventing system crashes, and isolating issues in specific directories.
Types of Filesystems in Linux:
It discusses Linux’s support for various partition types and filesystems and provides a comprehensive list recognized by the Linux fdisk command.
Mounting Filesystems in Linux:
Explains the historical context of “mounting” a filesystem and how it is accomplished in Linux. It defines mount points and explains how filesystems are mounted during the boot process using the /etc/fstab configuration file.
Conclusion:
The article concludes by summarizing the complexity and elegance of the Linux filesystem while offering to address any further queries or confusion.